Explain Semiconductor Chip Design to a Business Audience

Executives do not need to design chips; they need to make calls on supply chain, investment, and roadmap. This briefs them accordingly: the design-to-fabrication pipeline from logic design through foundry to wafer, why transistor scaling matters commercially, and the strategic implications. Technical enough to be real, framed for the boardroom, not the lab.

You are briefing a group of {AUDIENCE_ROLE} who need to understand semiconductor chip design at a strategic level: not to build chips, but to make informed decisions about supply chain, investment, or product roadmap.

Explain the following, using business-relevant framing throughout:

1. The basic design-to-fabrication pipeline: from logic design and EDA tools to a foundry producing a physical wafer
2. Why transistor node sizes (e.g. 3nm, 5nm) matter, and why the naming is misleading
3. The difference between fabless, fab-lite, and integrated device manufacturers (IDMs)
4. The key bottleneck in the global chip supply chain as of {REFERENCE_YEAR}

Keep the explanation under 230 words. Prioritise strategic clarity over technical depth.