Explain In-Text Citation Styles: Parenthetical vs Footnote

You know you need in-text citations but the rules blur once there are two authors, then three. This explains parenthetical and footnote styles clearly: where the bracket goes, how it changes with author count, and when a footnote system applies instead. For students whose institution picked a style and left them to work out how it actually behaves in a sentence.

I am writing a {ASSIGNMENT_TYPE} at {ACADEMIC_LEVEL} level. My institution requires {REFERENCING_STYLE}. I am confused about how in-text citations work and when to use different formats.

Explain the following clearly:
1. Parenthetical (author-date) citation: when to place it inside versus outside a sentence, and how it changes with one author, two authors, and three or more authors
2. Footnote/endnote citation (if applicable to my style): how to format a first reference versus a subsequent shortened reference (ibid, op. cit.)
3. How to cite a direct quotation differently from a paraphrase
4. How to handle two works by the same author published in the same year
5. How page numbers are used in each scenario

Provide a worked example sentence for each rule using a fictional but realistic source.