Fallacy Family Tree: Classify and Compare

Several fallacies look alike and people mix them up constantly. Feed in a set and this sharpens the distinctions: a one-sentence definition each, the precise point where the reasoning breaks, and a fresh worked example for every one. For when you can feel two fallacies are different but cannot say how.

Several common fallacies share a family resemblance: they differ only in mechanism. Given the {FALLACY_SET} below, produce a structured comparison that sharpens the distinctions between them.

Fallacy set to compare: "{FALLACY_SET}"

For each fallacy:
1. Formal definition (one sentence)
2. The specific logical error it commits: where does the reasoning break down?
3. A realistic, original example from the domain of "{DOMAIN}" (e.g., politics, medicine, business)
4. The most common confusion: which other fallacy is it most often mistaken for, and why?

Then write a decision guide (under 80 words) that helps a reader quickly tell these fallacies apart in the wild. Use concrete diagnostic questions, not abstract definitions.